Tuberculosis - LPNI
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Tuberculosis
LPNI Health Topic –
March 2017
Tuberculosis: A
Global
Epidemic
March 24th has been designated as
World Tuberculosis Day. The World Health Organization (WHO)
has selected this date to bring awareness to this global epidemic
affecting one-third of the world’s population and to commemorate
the date in 1882 when Dr. Robert Koch identified the cause of
tuberculosis (TB) – the TB bacillus.
Tuberculosis has plagued civilization since
ancient times. Archaeologists have found spinal tuberculosis
in Egyptian mummy remains. Wheat Ridge Ministries was
originally founded in 1905 as the Evangelical Lutheran Sanitarium
to treat patients with tuberculosis. Early treatment included
rest, improved diet and isolation.
Tuberculosis is spread by airborne droplets
when an infected person with active TB sneezes, coughs or spits.
To become infected, a person need only inhale a small amount
of these germs. Latent TB is the term used to describe the
person who has been infected with TB but is not ill or contagious
at this time. About 10 per cent of those infected with latent TB
will become ill with active TB. Those living with HIV,
malnutrition, diabetes or who use tobacco have a much higher risk
of developing active tuberculosis. TB and HIV are a lethal
combination. In 2015, 35 per cent of HIV deaths were due to
TB.[1]
While Tuberculosis is listed as one of the top
10 causes of death globally, it is considered a treatable and
curable disease. Combinations of first-line drugs will cure
most patients with drug-susceptible TB within six months.
Drug-resistant TB is more challenging to diagnose and treat.
Antibiotic resistance is a serious and growing problem.
Tuberculosis occurs globally, with the highest
reported new cases in 2015 occurring at 61 per cent in Asia and 26
per cent in Africa.[2] Overcrowding and malnutrition are key
risk factors for TB, making it a major disease of those living in
poverty.
The WHO has set about an ambitious plan to
drastically reduce the prevalence and death rates. The
strategy aims to end the global TB epidemic, with targets to reduce
TB deaths by 95 per cent, and to cut new cases by 90 per cent
between 2015 and 2035, and to ensure that no family is burdened
with catastrophic expenses due to TB. [3]
Additional information on this
observance:
http://www.stoptb.org/events/world_tb_day/
Carol Broemmer, RN,
MA
LCMS Missouri District Parish Nurse
Representative
cbroemmer@charter.ne
[1] World Health Organization Tuberculosis Fact Sheet 104,
October 2016.
[2] World Health Organization Tuberculosis Fact Sheet 104,
October 2016.
[3] Who.int/tb/strategy/en